Banking on Blue Blood
It's blue, comes from a creature more ancient than dinosaurs, and saves countless human lives. It's the blood of horseshoe crabs, and for decades it's proved vital to biomedical companies that must screen vaccines, IV fluids, and medical devices for bacteria that can be fatal in our bloodstream. Thanks to proteins in cells that act like a primitive immune system, the crabs' blood coagulates instantly when it touches pathogens like E. coli and Salmonella.
So sensitive is the test derived from the proteins that it can detect amounts as slight as one part per trillion. That's like one grain of sugar in an Olympic-size pool, says John Dubczak of test producer Charles River, Endosafe. Now Princeton University researchers are looking at another approach using synthetic molecules that replicate antimicrobial peptides found on the skin of African clawed frogs. That would take some of the heat off horseshoe crabs—if it can match the sensitivity of their millions-year-old strategy. —Luna Shyr
A test made from the blood of horseshoe crabs just might have saved your life.
About 500,000 horseshoe crabs are collected annually along the U.S. East Coast under interstate regulations.
In a laboratory, blood is drawn from the crab's primitive equivalent of a heart.
The live crabs are returned to the sea. The estimated mortality rate is 15 percent.
The blood's blue color comes from copper in its oxygen-carrying protein, hemocyanin— akin to the iron-based hemoglobin in humans.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/08/visions-now-next#/next
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